Radical Thinking

Michael Eze, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Chemistry

Dr. Michael Eze has lofty goals: to thwart disease, retard aging and extend life. In pursuit of those ideals he has become fascinated by the Oxygen Paradox.

All aerobic life requires oxygen for existence. Yet oxygen is toxic to all forms of life. When oxidation occurs within the body, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals form. At low levels, ROS and the related free radical, nitric oxide (NO), act as fine regulators of body function, for example, cardiovascular function. To avert damage from excessive amounts of these unique species, our cells rely on a complex defence system of enzymes and metabolites working together. These are antioxidants.

Oxidizing pollutants abound in our environment. Our bodies produce antioxidants to counteract ROS. Adding to the conundrum, however, is the fact that some cells, like white blood cells, produce lots of ROS and NO during their function as protectors against invading bacteria and other pathogens. So oxidant/antioxidant systems must achieve an optimum balance to be successful, and for us to remain healthy.

In addressing this oxygen paradox, Dr. Eze and his students investigate how molecules, such as antibiotics, affect the chemistry of cells; fatty acid biosynthesis for instance. They have initiated studies on bacterial enzymes that degrade reactive oxygen. They are interested in the consequences of the interactions of antibiotic and other chemotherapeutic agents with free radicals, as related to treatment outcomes. “We know that cancer, as well as inflammatory, degenerative and other diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease, arthritis, cataracts, Alzheimer's disease, etc) can be promoted by free radicals. We know less about how homeostasis can be optimized”. He further avers that in HIV/AIDS, the oxygen paradox creates complications that hinder a clearer understanding of HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, immunology and treatment outcomes.

Dr. Eze also collaborates with colleagues in interdisciplinary studies on social and biological perspectives of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases.